Otto kuphal



(No Model.)

Patented Apr. 16

Noly

4.0 Y ratas of the general constructien shown and OTTO KUPHAL, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

COOLiNG AND REFRIGERATING APPARATUS.

SPECIFICATION forming part'of Letters Patent No. 537,535, dated April 16, 1895. Application filed March 29,1894. Serial lo.V 505,538. (No model.)

Ipanying drawing, forming a part ofthe same. [O

The present invention is applicable .to apparatus for the production ot' cold air and ice and generally forcooling and refrigerating purposes, including the cooling of liquid and of inclosures of all sizes, such as houses, vaults,

vessels, provision safes, rife. l

The principle upon which apparatus embodylng the invention operates is that of cool,-

` ing by the expansion of water `into Water vapor,

and this principle is carried out by atomizing water by passing it through material of the requisite porosity to secu re the passage of the water in a finely divided state, and evaporat- 'ing the Water thus atomiz'ed from the outer surface of the porous material into a vaccum expansion Space, the vapor thus produced being applied to the coolingspace or material to be refrigerated, preferably by being drawn through pipes which traverse the chamber containing the air, liquid or other material to be cooled, which chamber may be the ice chamber of an ice machine, or a refrigerating chamber of any kind, or a which air is forced or in which the cooled air is held n der pressure sufficient to secure its transfer o the point where itis to be used.

In another application, Serial No. 467,168, filed March 22, 1893, I have described .and claimed broadly such apparatus, and the present invention consists of improvements thereon, being morev especially applicable to appadescribedin said application.

. For a full understanding of the invention a detailed description of an apparatus embodying the same inthe preferred form as applied to cooling air forced through or compressed t within the cooling chamber will-now begiven,

lreference being had to the accompanying drawing forming a part of this specification,

and the features forming the invention then specically pointed out in the claims.

' y The drawing shows the apparatus with the 'any suitable construction.

chamber through as shown, or set quite closely together according to the degree of cooling required, pass downward through the cooling chamber C to another tank D which is also air tight, and from which a pipef leads to a vacuum pump F indicated in diagram, and which may be of It will be seen that the lower chamber c of the tank A, the

pipes dand the tank D form a vacuum expansion chamber, the vapor in which is applied to o'oolng the chamber C, through `which the pipes `extend.

As shown, the tanks A D and the central tank forming the cooling chamber C, are made separate and secured together at the ends by flanges and bolts, but it will be understood 'that this is simply a matter of convenience in construction, and that any other suitable process of manufacture may be used. As above stated, the cooling chamber C may be used in any suitable manner, but the apparatus shown is designed especially for cooling air, and an air compressor or pump G is shown as used to force the air into the top of the cooling chamber C through the pipe g, the cooledair passing out at the bottom of the chamber through the pipe h, either continuously or being compressed within the chamber C by closing the pipe h, and passing outward when the pipe is opened to withdraw the air for use.

The slabs B, B by which the tank A is (lif vided into three chambers may be of any suitable material' of such porosity as to secure the desired effect, and for certain purposes it may be found that only one slab need be used whilefor others' more than two slabs may vbe desirable. The pipes d, fare shown as straight pipes of the same diameter throughout, but it will be understoodthat they may be of any other formV suitable for the purpose.

The. construction thus far described is or may be substantially the same as shown in Ice lIO

the application above referred to except that the Water chamber ci is made air tight, and this with the other features embodying the present invention will now be described.

To aid the cooling or refrigerating process the entire construction, exclusive of4 the pumps F, G, is inclosed within a casing H and the space about the apparatus within the casing is filled with suitable non-'heat-ciiductig material r. It is desirable that the water entering the water chamber a should be cooled as far as practicable, and it is preferable to cool this water supply within the apparatus. Silit is secured by entering the 'Water supply pipe I at the base of the apparatus, passing it through n jaokotl about the pipef, so as io utilizo the low tom oratore therein, and then passing it uptvaidt rough the packing k Within ino easing H to the water chamber n, this water pipe preferably lining' coiled about the cooling oiiainbor C so as to lengthen the course of the imiter and lower its temperature as far as possible.

Tiroolo'sing of the water chamber a nir tight forms an important part of the invention, this tentare aiding materially in oooiiri'ng a low temperature, and by cooling tile water before introduction a further considerable economy is secured. By the lise of substantially dit' iight water chamber, moreover, l am enabled tro secure all alitl'lilatie regula-lich di the Waiersuppiy, and further tosse all app without a pump anti intently nonroo oi water supply, no head lining ro iiiroil, ille water tieing orooil in hy atnieop erin prossimo, an a vnoiinrn is tonnen in the water @tartiner ny the pump F, so that the water supply is depondent upon the vaonnin inthe air chamber, ann, ii the use or n pi e of oniiaeie site or sultan i tiirottlotl, a por eet regulation canl lie se'cre I have shown a throttle Valve iii dh tiro water pipo for controlling the inlet. it will be .understood that seine or all et the Water may be Vaporized iii entering the @hadiber ci from the pipe I, this depending ilflii the degree of 'vacuum in the ali* chamber, bei: this does het interfere with the opeltiii tlf the apparatus, hor does' any reehing of the water in thel water chamber-thas interfere. While this air tigiitnnter chamber is et ospooinl value no sooiiringrintoinatle regulation when the witter supply is dependent upon the vacum, it Will ldd illildel'stbd tilh ilhil dit tight wateroiinineer may' he noon with water .fou independently et the tiene, as a pump, or under siliilekit head, hdd stieg a chamber lins it path @i the iil'irtii iiiuopeiidontiy of the oniiraoier et the enter supply.

The operation will be understood from n brief description. I

Assillmig that ille iilitdiiiil is to be 'Started without 'water itl the water chalutier dhd 'with tile witter pipo l ophoesten to a tanti or other similar source of supply, the vatluhhi pump F heilig started, a i/'faetliiin is produced in the apparatus including the titlatei cham- This re-A ber a, and upon the production of a suicient Vacuum, the Water is forced in by atmospheric pressure through the pipe I. This water passes th rough the slabs B, B', being th us atomized, and is rapidly evaporated from the bottom of lthe slab B into the vacuum produced by the air pump in the chamber U and expands to a very large volume relatively to the volume of the Water. This vapor then passes through the pipes o3 into the tank I), and is drawn out and expelled by pump F. The heat within the pipes d and the chamber C is absorbed b this vapor, and the air or other material int e chamber C thus cooled to a very low degree of temperature. The water enters the chamber a at a low temperature diie to tllevcollrig of the water in the supply pipe F as it passes through the jacket l, and upward through 'the packing k, illus increasiii@ largely the ecoiiiny of the apparatus, and

this economy is further increased by tiro paolilng of tno apparatus within the casing il.

Iii Will be understood that the invention may b iibddied ih constructions 0f Widely diler eilt i'oii'fi, depending to some extent upon the i'siilts to be attained, and, while the constructien shown forms a very' convenient and eliicient apparatus, I am not to be limited to it.

what l olliiin is;- y

1. The combination with a vacuum chamber arranged for the application of vapor therein te cooling a space or hotly, ot an `iiir tight Water chamber separated from said vacuum chalutier by porous material, substantially' as described.

2. Thecotilbiilatioil with a vacuum chamber arranged toi' the appiioiiiion of vapor therein to cooling a space or body, oif all air tight water chamber separated.` from said vacuum chailibiiby porous material, and 'a water sup ply L'i'litrolled by the pressure in the water chamber, substantially as described.

3; The eumbiilatioii with a Vacuum chamber arranged for the application of vapor therein to cooling a space or body', of an air tight water chamber separated from said vacuum chamber by porous materiel, and a water sup ply below said Watei'ellamber and under pressure suoienii to 'raise the Water into the Water ohaiiiberonly ngaiiistaprossnre below atmospherie pressure therein, substantially as de- S'iibgd:

il The combination with a vacuum chamber arranged for the application of Vapor therein te peeling a space or body, of an air tight water chamber separated from seid vacuum chamber by porous materiel, and a Watersup- "ply pipe arranged to secure the cooling of the Water4 in the apparatus before reaching the water chamber, substantially as described.

5. Theeenrbination with it vacuum chamber arranged for the application ot' vapor therein te cooling a space or body, oi an air tight water chamber separated from said Vacuum elinniber by a plurality of separated layers or porous material, substantially as described.

'6. The combination with a vacuum chamber ICO arranged for the application of `vapor thereinv to cooling a space or body, of an air-.tight water chamber separated from said vacuum cha ber by porous material, and a pump connecting with said vacuum chamber, substantially as described.

' 7. The combination witha vacuumchamber arranged for the application of vaportherein to cooling a space or body, of an air tight water chamber separated from said vacuum chamber by porous material, and non conducting packing inclosing said chambers, substantially as described.

8. The combination with a vacuum chamber arranged for the application of vapor therein to cooling :a space or body, of an air tight water chamber separated from said vacuum chamber by porous material, a pump, a pipe connecting the vacuum chamber and pump, and a casing and non-conducting packing inclosing said vacu uin chamber, water chamber and pipe, substantially as described.

9. The combination with a vacuum chamber arranged for the application of vapor therein to cooling a space or body, of a water chamber separated from said vacuum chamber by porous material, a casing surrounding said vacuum chamber and water chamber, a nonconducting packing inclosing said chambers, and a water supply pipe passing through said packing to the water chamber from the opposite side ofthe apparatus, substantially as described.

l0. The combination with a vacuum chamber arranged for the application of vapor therein to coolinga space or body, of a water chamber separated from said vacuum chamber 'by porous material, a casing surrounding said vacuum chamber and water chamber, a pump, a pipe connecting said vacuum chamber and pump, a jacket on said pipe, a noni conducting packing inclosing said chambers,

- casing about the tanks, jacket l and and a water supply pipe passing through said jacket and packing to the water chamber, substantially as described.

1 1. The combination with the chamber C, of ltanks A, D, porous material dividing the tank A into-air tight chambers, pipes d connecting the inner chamber with tank D, pump F and pipe f connecting tank D therewith, 5o water supply pipe I passing through the apparatus to the outer or water chamber of tank A, casing H, and non-conducting packing lc within said casing about the tanks and pipe I, substantially as described.

12. The combination with the chamber C, of ,tanks A, D, porous material dividingI the tank Aiuto chambers, pipes d connecting the inner chamber with tank D, pump Fand pipe f connecting tank D therewith, jacket Z on said pipe, water supply pipe I passing through said jacket and through the apparatus to the outer or water chamber of tank A, casing II, and nonconducting packing k within said pipe I,

substantially as described.

13. The combination with the chamber C, of tanks A, D, porous material dividing the tank. A into chambers, pipes d connectingr the inner chamber with tank D, pump F and pipe f connecting` tank D therewith` jacket Z on said pipe, water pipe I passing through said jacket to the outer or water chamber of tank A and coiled about the chamber C, casing H, and non-conducting packing k within said casing about the tanks, jacket l and pipe I, substantially as described.

, In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

OTTO KUPHAL.

Witnesses:

T. F. KEHOE, C. J. SAWYER. 

